The STS-123 and Expedition 16 crews spent time outfitting the Japanese Logistics Module - Pressurized Section (JLP), transferring supplies and equipment into it from space shuttle Endeavour. Marking the beginning of Japan's scientific work aboard the station, Expedition 16 Commander Peggy Whitson and Japanese astronaut Takao Doi were the first to enter the new module.

The JLP is the first component of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Kibo laboratory.

Operating Canadarm2, the station's robot arm, Mission Specialists Robert Behnken and Léopold Eyharts grabbed the shuttle's boom sensor and handed it off to Endeavour's robot arm in preparation for stowage on the station's S1 truss later in the mission.